Mit diesen Dingen erhält Chazakah [Wenn er das Feld seines Nachbarn in Bezug auf sie "hielt", ist es eine Chazakah], und mit diesen Dingen erhält Chazakah nicht: Wenn er im Hof ein Tier, einen Ofen, einen Herd hielt, eine Mühle; Wenn er dort Hühner aufgezogen oder seinen Dünger dort platziert hat, ist dies keine Chazaka. [Diese Tanna spricht von einem Hof von Partnern, in dem sie nichts dagegen haben, dass (die anderen) ein Tier oder ähnliches halten. Aus diesem Grund ist es keine Chazaka, selbst wenn man sie drei Jahre lang zu diesem Zweck hielt.] Aber wenn er eine Trennwand für sein Tier machte, das zehn Handbreiten hoch war, und so für einen Ofen und so für eine Mühle; und wenn er Hühner in das Haus seines (Nachbarn) brachte oder einen Platz für seinen Dünger drei (Handbreiten) tief oder drei (Handbreiten) hoch machte, ist es eine Chazaka. [Denn in einem solchen Fall würde man sicherlich Einwände erheben, so dass es sicherlich eine Chazaka ist, wenn er drei Jahre lang schweigt und nicht protestiert. Maimonides erklärt, dass es sich bei einem Partner, der gegen die Errichtung einer Trennwand protestiert, sofort um eine Chazaka handelt, wenn sein Partner eine Trennwand erstellt hat und er keine Einwände erhoben hat. Aber mit einem im Allgemeinen (dh keinem Partner) ist es erst nach drei Jahren eine Chazaka, selbst wenn er eine Teilung vorgenommen hat und der andere nicht protestiert hat.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
שיש להם חזקה – if he had taken possession of his fellow land for this purpose for three years, it is considered possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
The mishnah which we will learn today continue to deal with establishing ownership by possession (chazakah), the subject of the entire third chapter. Our mishnah teach the types of activities which if done for three consecutive years without the protest of the owner of the land, house or courtyard or courtyard, may continue to be done afterwards, even if the owner were to protest. For instance if Reuven does a certain activity on Shimon’s property for three years and Shimon does not protest, he cannot do so at a later date.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
היה מעמיד במהתו בחצר – this Tanna/teacher is speaking of a jointly owned courtyard, where they are not strict with each other concerning keeping cattle [in the courtyard] and other similar things. And because of this, it is not considered a presumption of possession even though he had possessed that thing for three years.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
What are usages which are effective in establishing title through possession and what are usages which are not effecting in establishing title through possession? If a man put a beast in a courtyard, or an oven or stoves or mill-stones, or reared fowl [in a courtyard] or put his manure in a courtyard, this is not effective in establishing title through possession. But if he built for his beast a partition ten hand-breadths high, so too for an oven, so too for a stove, so too for a mill-stone, [or] he brought fowl inside the house, or prepared for his manure a place three hand-breadths deep or three hand-breadths high, this is effective in establishing title through possession. Our mishnah lists certain type of acts which if done on another person’s property for three consecutive years, acquire automatic subsequent permission to continue to do the activity. In other words, after three years there is an assumption that the owner of the property does not mind the other person doing these activities, and he therefore loses his right to subsequently protest. In section 1a we learn that placing an animal or other object in another’s courtyard will not cause entitlement to do so. For instance if Reuven were to use Shimon’s courtyard for three years as a place for his animal and Shimon were not to protest, Shimon would still retain the right to protest later. In section 1b we learn that if Reuven had built a structure on the property of Shimon, and Shimon had not protested for three years, Shimon now loses the right to protest. We assume that if Reuven used the property for such a long time in such a substantial manner, than it is does not bother Shimon and he cannot later change his mind.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
אבל אם עשה מחיצה וכו' – for in such a manner, he is definitely strict. If he had been silent about this for three years and didn’t protest, it is considered possession. But Rabbi Moshe ben Maimonuni commented that a joint owner who is strict about making a partition and no one protested immediately is considered possession. But even though he made a partition, as a mere individual and no one protested, it is not considered possession until after three years.
